Waist-to-Hip Ratio (WHR)
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Waist circumference divided by hip circumference — a quick index of fat distribution (apple vs. pear) and cardiometabolic risk.
Detail
Waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) = waist circumference ÷ hip circumference. It expresses fat distribution: a higher ratio means relatively more abdominal ("apple"/android) fat, which carries greater cardiometabolic risk than lower-body ("pear"/gynoid) fat.
Measurement: measure the waist at the standard landmark (see waist-circumference) and the hips at the widest point of the buttocks/greater trochanters, tape horizontal, snug, end of normal expiration. Divide.
WHO risk thresholds (substantially increased risk):
- Men: > 0.90
- Women: > 0.85
- (BMI ≥ 30 also defines abdominal-obesity-level risk independently.)
WHR is simple and needs no special equipment, but waist circumference alone is now often preferred as a risk marker because the hip measurement adds variability and WHR can stay "normal" when both waist and hips enlarge together. Use a consistent landmark for re-tests.
Key facts
- WHR = waist ÷ hip circumference; higher = more central (android) fat.
- WHO increased-risk cutoffs: men > 0.90, women > 0.85.
- Hip measured at the widest point; waist at the standard landmark.
- Waist circumference alone is often preferred today; standardize landmarks.
Connections
- waist-circumference — the numerator and a strong standalone marker.
- bmi — total-mass screen WHR complements.
- girth-measurements — broader girth tracking.
- regional-fat-distribution — android vs. gynoid fat health implications.
Educational content only — not medical advice. Always consult a qualified professional for individualized guidance, especially around injury, pregnancy, or medical conditions.