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Anatomy
Anatomy
Internal Rotation
Evidence-grounded — sourced from Fysiqal's fitness knowledge graph· 1 min read
movement-terminologyjoint-motionrotationshoulderhip
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In one line
Rotation with the axis of the bone turning toward the body (e.g., the humerus turned inward).
Detail
Internal rotation (also called inward or medial rotation) is rotation with the axis of bone toward the body, as when the humerus is turned inward. At the shoulder it is produced by the subscapularis and assisted by the anterior deltoid. At the hip it is termed medial rotation (inward), with a ROM of 30 to 45 degrees.
Key facts
- Internal rotation = rotation with the axis of bone toward the body (e.g., humerus turned inward).
- Shoulder internal rotation: produced by subscapularis; assisted by anterior deltoid.
- Hip medial (inward) rotation ROM: 30 to 45 degrees.
Connections
- external-rotation — the opposite rotation.
- subscapularis — internal rotator of the shoulder.
- hip-joint-rom — hip medial rotation values.
SourceReference manual
p.24p.372
Cited authorities in source: Harter (1991).
Educational content only — not medical advice. Always consult a qualified professional for individualized guidance, especially around injury, pregnancy, or medical conditions.
Explore related topics
Atlas Connections
Anterior Deltoid
The front deltoid head; produces forward flexion, horizontal adduction, and internal rotation — primarily a pressing muscle.External RotationClosely related
Rotation with the axis of the bone turning away from the body (e.g., the humerus turned outward).Hip Joint Range of Motion
Hip flexion 90° (knee extended) to 120° (up to 135°, knee flexed); hyperextension 10–30°; adduction 30°; abduction 45°; medial rotation 30–45°; lateral rotation 45–60°.Subscapularis
The "S" of SITS; the internal rotator of the shoulder, also involved in extension and adduction.