Internal Rotation
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Rotation with the axis of the bone turning toward the body (e.g., the humerus turned inward).
Detail
Internal rotation (also called inward or medial rotation) is rotation with the axis of bone toward the body, as when the humerus is turned inward. At the shoulder it is produced by the subscapularis and assisted by the anterior deltoid. At the hip it is termed medial rotation (inward), with a ROM of 30 to 45 degrees.
Key facts
- Internal rotation = rotation with the axis of bone toward the body (e.g., humerus turned inward).
- Shoulder internal rotation: produced by subscapularis; assisted by anterior deltoid.
- Hip medial (inward) rotation ROM: 30 to 45 degrees.
Connections
- External Rotation — the opposite rotation.
- Subscapularis — internal rotator of the shoulder.
- Hip Joint Range of Motion — hip medial rotation values.
Sources
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Educational content only — not medical advice. Always consult a qualified professional for individualized guidance, especially around injury, pregnancy, or medical conditions.