Single-Leg Stance (Balance) Test
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Time how long someone can balance on one leg (eyes open, then optionally closed); shorter times flag impaired static balance and elevated fall risk, especially in older adults.
Detail
The single-leg stance test (one-leg/unipedal stance) is a simple static-balance measure. The person stands on one leg, hands on hips (or at sides), the non-stance foot off the floor, and holds as long as possible. It is timed eyes open and, in a harder version, eyes closed (removing visual input stresses the vestibular/proprioceptive systems).
Protocol: practice trial, then time from foot-up to failure (foot touches down, hopping, the lifted foot touches the stance leg, hands leave hips, or a cap such as 30 s / 45 s). Take the best of 2–3 trials per leg; test both legs (note asymmetry).
Reference guidance: healthy adults under ~60 typically hold ≥30 s eyes open; eyes-closed times are much shorter and decline sharply with age. In older adults, an inability to hold ~10 s or holding <5 s is associated with elevated fall and mortality risk. Standardize arm position, eyes-open/closed, and the failure criteria for valid re-tests.
Key facts
- Times static single-leg balance; eyes-open and (harder) eyes-closed versions.
- Stop at foot touchdown/hop/hands off hips or a cap; best of 2–3 trials/leg, test both legs.
- Healthy <60: usually ≥30 s eyes open; older adults <~10 s or <5 s flags fall/mortality risk.
- Standardize arm/eye/failure conditions for re-tests.
Connections
- timed-up-and-go — dynamic mobility/fall-risk companion.
- y-balance-test — dynamic single-leg balance alternative.
- exercise-single-leg-stand — training counterpart.
- seniors — primary clinical use.
Educational content only — not medical advice. Always consult a qualified professional for individualized guidance, especially around injury, pregnancy, or medical conditions.