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Flexibility
Flexibility

Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation (PNF)

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Historical reference: its only source is the original reference manual, and some of it may be out of date. Not used for AI answers until re-sourced.

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stretching-techniquepnfproprioceptivecontract-relaxrehabilitationmuscle-energy-technique

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DefinitionA short reference note, not a full lesson.
Definition

A range-of-motion strategy (also called a muscle energy technique) originally developed for rehabilitation; its two most common forms are the contract-relax and the contract-relax-contract techniques.

Detail

Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation (PNF) is another broad strategy that can be implemented to improve your range of motion. This technique is also referred to in certain disciplines as a muscle energy technique. PNF was originally designed and developed as a physical therapy procedure for the rehabilitation of patients. Today, several different types of PNF are used in the arena of sports medicine. Two of the most prevalent are:

  • the contract-relax technique, and
  • the contract-relax-contract technique.

PNF is the fifth of the five basic stretching techniques (static, ballistic, passive, active, proprioceptive).

Key facts

  • PNF = Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation; also called a muscle energy technique.
  • Originally developed as a physical therapy / rehabilitation procedure.
  • Two most prevalent forms: contract-relax; contract-relax-contract.

Connections

Sources

Historical reference · reference manual (page cited)
p.252
Cited authority in source: Alter (1996), Science of Stretching.

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Atlas Connections

Active Stretching
Stretching using only your own muscles, with no external assistance — it builds active flexibility (which correlates more highly with sports achievement) but can trigger the stretch reflex.
Ballistic Stretching
Bobbing, bouncing, rebounding movements — the most controversial technique because it causes the most soreness and injury, though it does build the dynamic flexibility some sports require.
Golgi Tendon Organ (GTO) in Stretching
The GTOs are proprioceptors whose firing during a sufficiently long-held stretch induces muscular relaxation — one of the advantages that makes static stretching effective.
Passive StretchingClosely related
You stay relaxed while an outside agent (a partner or a machine) creates the range of motion — useful when the muscle is too weak to move itself, but riskier if the partner applies force incorrectly.
Static Stretching
Stretching to the farthest point and holding the position — the safest technique, requiring the least energy and giving time to reset the stretch reflex, change length, and relax the muscle via the GTOs.