Each joint action, with the role and emphasis the graph assigns each muscle. These are qualitative anatomical labels, not measured muscle activation.
Shoulder flexionprimary action
Anterior deltoid (prime mover, high emphasis); Medial deltoid (synergist, moderate emphasis); Pectoralis major (synergist, low emphasis); Supraspinatus (synergist, low emphasis)
Elbow extensionsecondary action
Triceps brachii (prime mover, moderate emphasis)
Scapula upward rotationsecondary action
Serratus anterior (prime mover, moderate emphasis); Trapezius (synergist, low emphasis); Trapezius (synergist, low emphasis)
Shoulder external rotationsecondary action
Infraspinatus (stabilizer, moderate emphasis); Teres minor (stabilizer, low emphasis)
Spine lateral flexionsecondary action · resisted
External oblique (stabilizer, moderate emphasis); Internal oblique (stabilizer, moderate emphasis); Quadratus lumborum (stabilizer, moderate emphasis); Erector spinae (stabilizer, low emphasis)